The second edition of the Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy is expanded and substantially revised. It is the largest reference work of medieval philosophy in English and it covers all the four language traditions, Latin, Arabic, Greek, and Hebrew, of western medieval philosophy. The Encyclopedia covers all areas of philosophy in the Middle Ages and part of the Renaissance, ranging from 500 to 1500 CE. It contains general entries on medieval philosophers and medieval philosophies and on the key terms and concepts in the subject area, but it also provides more in-depth details and analyses of particular theories. Furthermore, in order to gain an insight into the social and cultural context of the material, entries are included on the teaching of philosophy, the career of philosophers, and the place of philosophy within the universities. Complete with cross-references between key words and related essays to enable efficient searches, this Encyclopedia is exhaustive, unprecedented, and user-friendly. It is indispensable for scholars of medieval philosophy and Medieval Studies, and it is also useful for anyone interested in medieval ideas and thought.